Paternity test – Standard Trio examination

Standard paternity test: 24-marker Trio test

The DNA Center's basic-level Trio paternity test is based on 24 genetic markers, designed to determine the biological relationship between a child, the mother, and the alleged father. This test is called a "Trio" test because it analyzes the DNA of all three participants—the child, the mother, and the alleged father. Including the mother's DNA in the test enhances accuracy and simplifies laboratory analysis by isolating the paternal markers from the child's DNA.

How is the sample collected?

The paternity test process is simple and convenient, requiring no laboratory visits and can be performed at home. Once the test is ordered, the DNA Center sends specialized sample collection kits via mail. The sample collection is painless and typically involves obtaining a cheek swab from each participant.

Steps for sample collection:

• Use the provided swab to gently rub the inside of the cheek (buccal mucosa), rotating the swab several times to collect cells.
• Place the swabs into the labeled sample envelope as per the instructions.
• Return the samples, along with the completed data form and proof of payment, to the DNA Center by regular or priority mail to the address provided in the instructions. Alternatively, samples can be delivered in person to our office.

For more detailed information about the process, visit: Sample Collection.

What does the sample collection kit include?

• Sampling tools for the number of participants in the test.
• One pre-labeled sample envelope per participant.
• A data form to be filled out, signed, and returned with the samples. The form should include details such as the type of test requested, participant information (name or alias, and optionally date of birth), the date of sample collection, and instructions on how and where the results should be sent (email or postal address). The form should also include the payer's name and address for invoicing purposes.
• Detailed instructions on the process (guidance on sample collection and form completion, the return address, and payment information).
• A yellow postal check if postal payment is chosen.

What happens in the lab?

Once the laboratory receives the samples, the analysis of 24 genetic markers begins. These markers are specific DNA segments used to detect biological relationships. Including the mother's DNA allows for more accurate results by isolating the paternal DNA markers from the child's DNA.

Results and accuracy

Results are typically ready within 3–4 business days of the samples arriving at the laboratory and are delivered via mail or email. The 24-marker paternity test provides a probability of 99.999% or higher in most cases when the alleged father cannot be excluded. If the test concludes that the man is not the child's biological father, the probability of paternity is 0%, and the result will explicitly state that the tested individual is excluded as the child's biological father.

The Trio test, which includes the mother's participation, ensures the highest level of accuracy and minimizes the likelihood of errors. Our laboratory employs the latest technology and expertise to deliver reliable results for every test.

For more information about the accuracy of DNA tests, visit: DNA Test Accuracy.